Annotations: 7T90

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	G protein-coupled receptor-like	8091154	3000473	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	G protein-coupled receptor-like	8091154	3000473	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D	SCOP2B Superfamily	Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain	8070798	3001771	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	7tm_1_2	e7t90A1	A: alpha bundles	X: Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like (From Topology)	H: Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like (From Topology)	T: Family A G protein-coupled receptor-like	F: 7tm_1_2	ECOD (1.6)
C	ANAPC4_WD40_3	e7t90C1	A: beta duplicates or obligate multimers	X: beta-propeller-like	H: beta-propeller	T: 7-bladed	F: ANAPC4_WD40_3	ECOD (1.6)
D	G-gamma	e7t90D1	A: extended segments	X: Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain (From Topology)	H: Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain (From Topology)	T: Transducin (heterotrimeric G protein), gamma chain	F: G-gamma	ECOD (1.6)
E	V-set	e7t90E2	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: V-set	ECOD (1.6)
E	V-set_12	e7t90E1	A: beta sandwiches	X: Immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich	H: Immunoglobulin-related	T: Immunoglobulin/Fibronectin type III/E set domains/PapD-like	F: V-set_12	ECOD (1.6)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00001	7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) (7tm_1)	7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)	-	Family
B	PF00503	G-protein alpha subunit (G-alpha)	G-protein alpha subunit	G proteins couple receptors of extracellular signals to intracellular signaling pathways. The G protein alpha subunit binds guanyl nucleotide and is a weak GTPase. A set of residues that are unique to G-alpha as compared to its ancestor the Arf-like ...	G proteins couple receptors of extracellular signals to intracellular signaling pathways. The G protein alpha subunit binds guanyl nucleotide and is a weak GTPase. A set of residues that are unique to G-alpha as compared to its ancestor the Arf-like family form a ring of residues centered on the nucleotide binding site [3]. A Ggamma is found fused to an inactive Galpha in the Dictyostelium protein gbqA [3].	Domain
C	PF00400	WD domain, G-beta repeat (WD40)	WD domain, G-beta repeat	-	Repeat

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	protein binding binding arrestin family protein binding neurotransmitter receptor activity G protein-coupled amine receptor activity G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity molecular transducer activity G protein-coupled receptor activity signaling receptor activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity acetylcholine receptor activity G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation regulation of multicellular organismal process heart contraction blood circulation cellular response to stimulus cellular response to nitrogen compound heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation regulation of multicellular organismal process heart contraction blood circulation cellular response to stimulus cellular response to nitrogen compound regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling cell communication synaptic signaling signal transduction cellular response to acetylcholine response to oxygen-containing compound cell-cell signaling response to nitrogen compound acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway postsynaptic signal transduction cellular response to oxygen-containing compound adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to chemical stimulus G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway response to chemical adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway response to acetylcholine G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular process adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway trans-synaptic signaling regulation of signaling modulation of chemical synaptic transmission presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission chemical synaptic transmission regulation of trans-synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling regulation of cell communication phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway muscle contraction muscle system process regulation of muscle system process smooth muscle contraction regulation of smooth muscle contraction regulation of muscle contraction developmental process multicellular organism development anatomical structure development nervous system development system development biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms response to other organism response to external stimulus response to external biotic stimulus response to virus response to biotic stimulus G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	symmetric synapse cellular anatomical structure neuron to neuron synapse synapse cell junction cell periphery postsynapse postsynaptic membrane membrane plasma membrane plasma membrane region synaptic membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure symmetric synapse cellular anatomical structure neuron to neuron synapse synapse cell junction cell periphery postsynapse postsynaptic membrane membrane plasma membrane plasma membrane region synaptic membrane membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure intracellular vesicle intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle membrane clathrin-coated vesicle endocytic vesicle membrane coated vesicle vesicle endocytic vesicle clathrin-coated vesicle membrane clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle cytoplasmic vesicle membrane coated vesicle membrane organelle cytoplasm organelle membrane presynapse presynaptic membrane somatodendritic compartment cell projection dendrite dendritic tree neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection cholinergic synapse glutamatergic synapse cell body neuronal cell body asymmetric synapse axon axon terminus distal axon neuron projection terminus
B	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha	enzyme regulator activity cyclase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity adenylate cyclase regulator activity mu-type opioid receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding opioid receptor binding guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding nucleotide binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding enzyme regulator activity cyclase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity adenylate cyclase regulator activity mu-type opioid receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding G protein-coupled receptor binding opioid receptor binding guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding nucleotide binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding organic cyclic compound binding purine nucleotide binding anion binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding peptide hormone receptor binding corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding hormone receptor binding neuropeptide receptor binding G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding protein-containing complex binding G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity G protein activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity cation binding metal ion binding	cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling biological regulation adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway cell communication adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular process signal transduction cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling biological regulation adenylate cyclase-inhibiting serotonin receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway cell communication adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular process signal transduction heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation regulation of multicellular organismal process heart contraction blood circulation behavior locomotory behavior transport secretion export from cell membrane docking establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport localization organelle localization by membrane tethering secretion by cell exocytosis organelle localization vesicle docking exocytic process vesicle docking involved in exocytosis cellular response to nitrogen compound response to dopamine cellular response to dopamine response to monoamine response to catecholamine cellular response to catecholamine stimulus response to organic cyclic compound G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to organic cyclic compound response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus cellular response to monoamine stimulus response to chemical protein localization negative regulation of protein transport regulation of localization establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of transport negative regulation of secretion cellular macromolecule localization negative regulation of hormone secretion negative regulation of secretion by cell regulation of biological quality regulation of peptide hormone secretion negative regulation of peptide hormone secretion regulation of hormone levels establishment of protein localization to extracellular region negative regulation of establishment of protein localization protein secretion regulation of protein secretion regulation of secretion negative regulation of protein secretion cellular localization regulation of hormone secretion regulation of protein localization regulation of peptide secretion negative regulation of signaling hormone secretion negative regulation of cell communication protein localization to extracellular region negative regulation of peptide secretion peptide secretion regulation of secretion by cell amide transport signal release negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of protein localization regulation of signaling regulation of transport regulation of peptide transport regulation of establishment of protein localization cell-cell signaling regulation of protein transport peptide transport negative regulation of insulin secretion protein transport regulation of cellular localization regulation of insulin secretion peptide hormone secretion macromolecule localization hormone transport regulation of cell communication insulin secretion trans-synaptic signaling modulation of chemical synaptic transmission chemical synaptic transmission synaptic signaling regulation of trans-synaptic signaling anterograde trans-synaptic signaling postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission muscle contraction muscle system process	cell periphery postsynapse cellular anatomical structure postsynaptic membrane synapse cell junction membrane plasma membrane plasma membrane region synaptic membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cell periphery postsynapse cellular anatomical structure postsynaptic membrane synapse cell junction membrane plasma membrane plasma membrane region synaptic membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cytoplasmic side of membrane membrane protein complex heterotrimeric G-protein complex side of membrane cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GTPase complex extrinsic component of membrane extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse excitatory synapse presynapse presynaptic membrane somatodendritic compartment cell projection dendrite dendritic tree neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm GABA-ergic synapse glutamatergic synapse cell body
C	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1	protein binding binding enzyme binding GTPase binding protein-containing complex binding pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity signaling receptor complex adaptor activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity protein binding binding enzyme binding GTPase binding protein-containing complex binding pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity signaling receptor complex adaptor activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity signaling adaptor activity	multicellular organismal process system process sensory perception of chemical stimulus sensory perception nervous system process sensory perception of taste developmental process sensory organ development eye development animal organ development retina development in camera-type eye visual system development multicellular organism development camera-type eye development multicellular organismal process system process sensory perception of chemical stimulus sensory perception nervous system process sensory perception of taste developmental process sensory organ development eye development animal organ development retina development in camera-type eye visual system development multicellular organism development camera-type eye development anatomical structure development sensory system development system development cell population proliferation cellular process cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling biological regulation signal transduction cell communication response to ketone response to prostaglandin response to lipid response to endogenous stimulus response to alcohol cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus cellular response to chemical stimulus cellular response to alcohol response to hormone response to chemical cellular response to lipid response to prostaglandin E cellular response to ketone cellular response to hormone stimulus small GTPase-mediated signal transduction Ras protein signal transduction intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to nitrogen compound response to dopamine cellular response to dopamine response to monoamine response to catecholamine adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to catecholamine stimulus response to organic cyclic compound G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to organic cyclic compound response to nitrogen compound adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to monoamine stimulus adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway synaptic signaling cellular response to acetylcholine cell-cell signaling acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway postsynaptic signal transduction G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway response to acetylcholine	cellular anatomical structure membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cytoplasmic side of membrane plasma membrane membrane protein complex heterotrimeric G-protein complex side of membrane cell periphery cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GTPase complex cellular anatomical structure membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cytoplasmic side of membrane plasma membrane membrane protein complex heterotrimeric G-protein complex side of membrane cell periphery cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GTPase complex extrinsic component of membrane extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle non-motile cilium 9+0 non-motile cilium cilium neuron projection photoreceptor disc membrane photoreceptor outer segment plasma membrane bounded cell projection cell projection photoreceptor cell cilium organelle membrane intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol vacuolar membrane lytic vacuole vacuole intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lytic vacuole membrane bounding membrane of organelle lysosomal membrane lysosome synapse cell junction
D	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2	protein binding binding G-protein beta-subunit binding	fibroblast proliferation cell population proliferation cellular process cellular response to nitrogen compound cellular response to stimulus response to dopamine regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling cellular response to dopamine response to monoamine cell communication response to catecholamine adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway fibroblast proliferation cell population proliferation cellular process cellular response to nitrogen compound cellular response to stimulus response to dopamine regulation of cellular process response to stimulus signaling cellular response to dopamine response to monoamine cell communication response to catecholamine adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to catecholamine stimulus signal transduction response to organic cyclic compound regulation of biological process G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to organic cyclic compound biological regulation response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to chemical stimulus cellular response to monoamine stimulus response to chemical adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway response to ketone response to prostaglandin response to lipid response to endogenous stimulus response to alcohol cellular response to prostaglandin stimulus cellular response to endogenous stimulus cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus cellular response to alcohol response to hormone cellular response to lipid response to prostaglandin E cellular response to ketone cellular response to hormone stimulus	cellular anatomical structure membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cytoplasmic side of membrane plasma membrane membrane protein complex heterotrimeric G-protein complex side of membrane cell periphery cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GTPase complex cellular anatomical structure membrane protein-containing complex extrinsic component of plasma membrane catalytic complex plasma membrane protein complex cytoplasmic side of membrane plasma membrane membrane protein complex heterotrimeric G-protein complex side of membrane cell periphery cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane GTPase complex extrinsic component of membrane extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle synapse cell junction
E	scFV16	-	-	-

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR000995	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family	Family
A	IPR000276	G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like	Family
A	IPR017452	GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM	Domain
A	IPR001065	Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	Family
B	IPR001019	Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit	Family
B	IPR011025	G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
B	IPR001408	G-protein alpha subunit, group I	Family
C	IPR019775	WD40 repeat, conserved site	Conserved Site
C	IPR015943	WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR016346	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit	Family
C	IPR036322	WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
C	IPR001632	G-protein, beta subunit	Domain
C	IPR001680	WD40 repeat	Repeat
C	IPR020472	G-protein beta WD-40 repeat	Repeat
D	IPR015898	G-protein gamma-like domain	Domain
D	IPR001770	G-protein, gamma subunit	Family
D	IPR036284	G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P08172	diabetic polyneuropathy epilepsy Bradycardia diabetic autonomic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy alcohol abuse substance dependence biliary dyskinesia gastric ulcer large cell medulloblastoma brain injury depressive disorder schizophrenia substance abuse bipolar disorder diabetic polyneuropathy epilepsy Bradycardia diabetic autonomic neuropathy diabetic neuropathy alcohol abuse substance dependence biliary dyskinesia gastric ulcer large cell medulloblastoma brain injury depressive disorder schizophrenia substance abuse bipolar disorder major depressive disorder peptic ulcer disease psoriasis drug dependence substance-related disorder type 1 diabetes mellitus malignant colon neoplasm chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B	Pharos: P09471	developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 17 substance withdrawal syndrome epilepsy neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements Neurodevelopmental Disorders ovarian cancer psoriasis astrocytic tumor developmental and epileptic encephalopathy facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy intellectual disability malignant colon neoplasm medulloblastoma oligodendroglioma pilocytic astrocytoma developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 17 substance withdrawal syndrome epilepsy neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements Neurodevelopmental Disorders ovarian cancer psoriasis astrocytic tumor developmental and epileptic encephalopathy facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy intellectual disability malignant colon neoplasm medulloblastoma oligodendroglioma pilocytic astrocytoma schizophrenia atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma malignant ependymoma osteosarcoma primitive neuroectodermal tumor subependymal giant cell astrocytoma cerebrovascular disorder hepatocellular carcinoma lung carcinoma malignant glioma
C	Pharos: P62873	intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 42 melancholia intellectual disability endogenous depression medulloblastoma myopathy ovarian cancer Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoma anxiety disorder Sjogren syndrome chronic kidney disease juvenile dermatomyositis lung adenocarcinoma neurotic disorder pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 42 melancholia intellectual disability endogenous depression medulloblastoma myopathy ovarian cancer Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Lymphoma anxiety disorder Sjogren syndrome chronic kidney disease juvenile dermatomyositis lung adenocarcinoma neurotic disorder pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma breast cancer Duchenne muscular dystrophy leukemia, acute lymphocytic, susceptibility to, 1 malignant pancreatic neoplasm myelodysplastic syndrome osteosarcoma plasma cell myeloma rheumatoid arthritis swine influenza childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia depressive disorder
D	Pharos: P59768	pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm pilocytic astrocytoma sarcoidosis ulcerative colitis adrenal cortex carcinoma breast carcinoma Duchenne muscular dystrophy glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma medulloblastoma ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia pituitary cancer Sjogren syndrome X-linked mixed deafness with perilymphatic gusher pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm pilocytic astrocytoma sarcoidosis ulcerative colitis adrenal cortex carcinoma breast carcinoma Duchenne muscular dystrophy glioblastoma large cell medulloblastoma medulloblastoma ovarian cancer pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia pituitary cancer Sjogren syndrome X-linked mixed deafness with perilymphatic gusher astrocytic tumor Crohn disease ductal breast carcinoma in situ interstitial cystitis lung carcinoma non-small cell lung carcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma Pick disease primitive neuroectodermal tumor thoracic aortic aneurysm atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor cystic fibrosis Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy invasive ductal breast carcinoma malignant ependymoma osteosarcoma

Membrane Protein Annotation: OPM OPM Database Homepage

Chains	External Link	Type	Class	Superfamily	Family
A, B, D	OPM	Transmembrane	Alpha-helical polytopic	Rhodopsin-like receptors and pumps	G-protein coupled receptors, family A

Membrane Protein Annotation: PDBTM PDBTM Database Homepage

Chains	External Link	Comment
A, B, D	PDBTM	Annotated as membrane protein by PDBTM

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.