Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
The Solution
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Symjepi
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Adyphren Kit
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Epipen Jr
Ultacan
Ultacan Forte
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
EPY Kit
Lignospan Standard
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Anapen Junior
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Sensorcaine Forte
Citanest Forte
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Prime Asthma Relief
LIDOCAINE HCl
Septocaine
Sensorcaine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Vivacaine
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Adyphren II Kit
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Orabloc 1:200,000
Xylocaine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpiPen Jr
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Zorcaine
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenalin(r)
Twinject
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Numquick Analgesic
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Leep RediKit
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Lidosite
Epinephrine Professional
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Marcaine E
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
EpinephrineSnap-V
Epinephrinesnap-V
Anapen
Emerade
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Octocaine 50
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
QKit Procedure Tray
Gingi-pak Pellets
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Dysne Inhal
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Lixtraxen 1%
Septanest Sp
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Orabloc 1:100,000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Primatene Mist
Allerject
Orostat 8%
Sensorcaine Mpf
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Octocaine 100
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Primatene Mist Refill
Articadent
Adyphren Amp Kit
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Epipen
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Septocaine and Epinephrine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine MPF
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Epinephrine Injection
Vasocaine
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Orabloc
Taroclick Epinephrine
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Articaine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Ana-kit
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Adrenaclick
Ultracaine DS Inj
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Lignospan Forte
Septanest N
Medihaler-Epi
Pro Numb
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Epinephrine Injection USP
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine
Lidocaine
EpiPen
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Posicaine N
Posicaine Sp
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Ephinephrine
Minnerva II
Auvi-Q
Lidocaine Hci
Zone 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
EPY II Kit
D-Care 100X
Epinephrine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adrenalin
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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