Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Adyphren Amp Kit
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Adyphren II Kit
Adyphren Kit
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Forte
Ephinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Zone 2
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Epinephrine Pediatrics
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
The Solution
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Xylocaine
Marcaine E
Septanest N
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
EpiPen Jr
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenalin Vials
Prime Asthma Relief
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Vasocaine
Orabloc 1:200,000
Septanest Sp
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Gingi-pak Pellets
EPY II Kit
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Posicaine N
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Minnerva II
Allerject
Auvi-Q
Orabloc
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Leep RediKit
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Epinephrine
Epinephrinesnap-V
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Citanest Forte
Neffy
Sensorcaine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Marcaine
Octocaine 50
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Sensorcaine Forte
Adrenaclick
Ultracaine DS Inj
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Orabloc 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Twinject
Lidocaine Hci
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Zorcaine
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Ultacan
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Emerade
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Articadent
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Professional EMS
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Numquick Analgesic
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Anapen Junior
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Septocaine
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Medihaler-Epi
Anapen
Sensorcaine Mpf
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Orostat 8%
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Epinephrine Injection
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Octocaine 100
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Lidocaine
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Posicaine Sp
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
QKit Procedure Tray
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
EPY Kit
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Epipen
Primatene Mist
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Symjepi
D-Care 100X
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Xylocaine MPF
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Articaine
Lixtraxen 1%
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Epinephrine Professional
EpiPen
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Vivacaine
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl
Ana-kit
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Lignospan Standard
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Pro Numb
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Dysne Inhal
Epipen Jr
Lidosite
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
EpinephrineSnap-V
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ultacan Forte
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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