Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Sensorcaine
Ultracaine DS Inj
EPY II Kit
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Epinephrine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Auvi-Q
Xylocaine MPF
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Adyphren Kit
Primatene Mist
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Lidocaine Hci
Adyphren II Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Articadent
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Adyphren Amp Kit
Orabloc
Citanest Forte
QKit Procedure Tray
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epipen
Allerject
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Minnerva II
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Ana-kit
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Lidosite
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Epinephrine Professional
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Lidocaine
Xylocaine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
EPY Kit
Articaine
D-Care 100X
Vasocaine
Marcaine
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Octocaine 100
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Septanest N
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Posicaine Sp
Lignospan Standard
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Blue Gel Anesthetic
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Epinephrine Injection
Zone 2
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Zorcaine
Epinephrine Injection USP
Orabloc 1:100,000
Anapen
Sensorcaine Mpf
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Lignospan Forte
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Taroclick Epinephrine
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrinesnap-V
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Adrenalin
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Marcaine E
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Ultacan
Vivacaine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Neffy
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Ultacan Forte
Dysne Inhal
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
EpiPen Jr
EpiPen
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Adrenaclick
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Orabloc 1:200,000
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
EpinephrineSnap-V
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Posicaine N
Orostat 8%
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Leep RediKit
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Septanest Sp
Adrenalin Vials
Symjepi
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
The Solution
Emerade
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Lixtraxen 1%
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Adrenalin(r)
Ephinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Gingi-pak Pellets
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Epipen Jr
Twinject
Anapen Junior
Numquick Analgesic
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Primatene Mist Refill
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Pro Numb
LIDOCAINE HCl
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
