3GS0

Human transthyretin (TTR) complexed with (S)-3-(9H-fluoren-9-ylideneaminooxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (inhibitor 16)


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.85 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.269 
  • R-Value Work: 0.230 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.232 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Novel transthyretin amyloid fibril formation inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural analysis.

Palaninathan, S.K.Mohamedmohaideen, N.N.Orlandini, E.Ortore, G.Nencetti, S.Lapucci, A.Rossello, A.Freundlich, J.S.Sacchettini, J.C.

(2009) PLoS One 4: e6290-e6290

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006290
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3GLZ, 3GS0, 3GS4, 3GS7

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Transthyretin (TTR) is one of thirty non-homologous proteins whose misfolding, dissociation, aggregation, and deposition is linked to human amyloid diseases. Previous studies have identified that TTR amyloidogenesis can be inhibited through stabilization of the native tetramer state by small molecule binding to the thyroid hormone sites of TTR. We have evaluated a new series of beta-aminoxypropionic acids (compounds 5-21), with a single aromatic moiety (aryl or fluorenyl) linked through a flexible oxime tether to a carboxylic acid. These compounds are structurally distinct from the native ligand thyroxine and typical halogenated biaryl NSAID-like inhibitors to avoid off-target hormonal or anti-inflammatory activity. Based on an in vitro fibril formation assay, five of these compounds showed significant inhibition of TTR amyloidogenesis, with two fluorenyl compounds displaying inhibitor efficacy comparable to the well-known TTR inhibitor diflunisal. Fluorenyl 15 is the most potent compound in this series and importantly does not show off-target anti-inflammatory activity. Crystal structures of the TTR:inhibitor complexes, in agreement with molecular docking studies, revealed that the aromatic moiety, linked to the sp(2)-hybridized oxime carbon, specifically directed the ligand in either a forward or reverse binding mode. Compared to the aryl family members, the bulkier fluorenyl analogs achieved more extensive interactions with the binding pockets of TTR and demonstrated better inhibitory activity in the fibril formation assay. Preliminary optimization efforts are described that focused on replacement of the C-terminal acid in both the aryl and fluorenyl series (compounds 22-32). The compounds presented here constitute a new class of TTR inhibitors that may hold promise in treating amyloid diseases associated with TTR misfolding.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Transthyretin
A, B
127Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: TTRPALB
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P02766 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P02766 
Go to UniProtKB:  P02766
PHAROS:  P02766
GTEx:  ENSG00000118271 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP02766
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.85 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.269 
  • R-Value Work: 0.230 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.232 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 43.39α = 90
b = 85.979β = 90
c = 65.076γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
CrystalCleardata collection
AMoREphasing
REFMACrefinement
CrystalCleardata reduction
CrystalCleardata scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2009-07-28
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2023-09-06
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description