1AHU

STRUCTURE OF THE OCTAMERIC FLAVOENZYME VANILLYL-ALCOHOL OXIDASE IN COMPLEX WITH P-CRESOL


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.290 
  • R-Value Work: 0.221 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.222 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Crystal structures and inhibitor binding in the octameric flavoenzyme vanillyl-alcohol oxidase: the shape of the active-site cavity controls substrate specificity.

Mattevi, A.Fraaije, M.W.Mozzarelli, A.Olivi, L.Coda, A.van Berkel, W.J.

(1997) Structure 5: 907-920

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-2126(97)00245-1
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1AHU, 1AHV, 1AHZ, 1VAO, 2VAO

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Lignin degradation leads to the formation of a broad spectrum of aromatic molecules that can be used by various fungal micro-organisms as their sole source of carbon. When grown on phenolic compounds, Penicillium simplicissimum induces the strong impression of a flavin-containing vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (VAO). The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of a vast array of substrates, ranging from aromatic amines to 4-alkyphenols. VAO is a member of a novel class of widely distributed oxidoreductases, which use flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor covalently bound to the protein. We have carried out the determination of the structure of VAO in order to shed light on the most interesting features of these novel oxidoreductases, such as the functional significance of covalent flavinylation and the mechanism of catalysis. The crystal structure of VAO has been determined in the native state and in complexes with four inhibitors. The enzyme is an octamer with 42 symmetry; the inhibitors bind in a hydrophobic, elongated cavity on the si side of the flavin molecule. Three residues, Tyr108, Tyr503 and Arg504 form an anion-binding subsite, which stabilises the phenolate form of the substrate. The structure of VAO complexed with the inhibitor 4-(1-heptenyl)phenol shows that the catalytic cavity is completely filled by the inhibitor, explaining why alkylphenols bearing aliphatic substituents longer than seven carbon atoms do not bind to the enzyme. The shape of the active-site cavity controls substrate specificity by providing a 'size exclusion mechanism'. Inside the cavity, the substrate aromatic ring is positioned at an angle of 18 degrees to the flavin ring. This arrangement is ideally suited for a hydride transfer reaction, which is further facilitated by substrate deprotonation. Burying the substrate beneath the protein surface is a recurrent strategy, common to many flavoenzymes that effect substrate oxidation or reduction via hydride transfer.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pavia, Italy. MATTEVI@IPVGEN.UNIPV.IT


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
VANILLYL-ALCOHOL OXIDASE
A, B
560Penicillium simplicissimumMutation(s): 0 
EC: 1.1.3.13 (PDB Primary Data), 1.1.3.38 (UniProt)
UniProt
Find proteins for P56216 (Penicillium simplicissimum)
Explore P56216 
Go to UniProtKB:  P56216
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP56216
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 1 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
FAA
Query on FAA

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A],
D [auth B]
N5-(4-HYDROXYBENZYL)FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
C34 H39 N9 O16 P2
MEBQXAOFZPAVFQ-RAWNUJITSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.290 
  • R-Value Work: 0.221 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.222 
  • Space Group: I 4
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 128.82α = 90
b = 128.82β = 90
c = 130.79γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
CCP4model building
TNTrefinement
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
CCP4phasing

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

  • Released Date: 1997-10-15 
  • Deposition Author(s): Mattevi, A.

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1997-10-15
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2024-06-05
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Other