4BZY

Crystal structure of human glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1)


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.75 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.225 
  • R-Value Work: 0.184 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.186 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Structural Basis of Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency and Pharmacologic Rescue by Rational Peptide Design.

Froese, D.S.Michaeli, A.Mccorvie, T.J.Krojer, T.Sasi, M.Melaev, E.Goldblum, A.Zatsepin, M.Lossos, A.Alvarez, R.Escriba, P.V.Minaissan, B.A.von Delft, F.Kakhlon, O.Yue, W.W.

(2015) Hum Mol Genet 24: 5667

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddv280
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4BZY

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Glycogen branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) plays an essential role in glycogen biosynthesis by generating α-1,6-glucosidic branches from α-1,4-linked glucose chains, to increase solubility of the glycogen polymer. Mutations in the GBE1 gene lead to the heterogeneous early-onset glycogen storage disorder type IV (GSDIV) or the late-onset adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD). To better understand this essential enzyme, we crystallized human GBE1 in the apo form, and in complex with a tetra- or hepta-saccharide. The GBE1 structure reveals a conserved amylase core that houses the active centre for the branching reaction and harbours almost all GSDIV and APBD mutations. A non-catalytic binding cleft, proximal to the site of the common APBD mutation p.Y329S, was found to bind the tetra- and hepta-saccharides and may represent a higher-affinity site employed to anchor the complex glycogen substrate for the branching reaction. Expression of recombinant GBE1-p.Y329S resulted in drastically reduced protein yield and solubility compared with wild type, suggesting this disease allele causes protein misfolding and may be amenable to small molecule stabilization. To explore this, we generated a structural model of GBE1-p.Y329S and designed peptides ab initio to stabilize the mutation. As proof-of-principle, we evaluated treatment of one tetra-peptide, Leu-Thr-Lys-Glu, in APBD patient cells. We demonstrate intracellular transport of this peptide, its binding and stabilization of GBE1-p.Y329S, and 2-fold increased mutant enzymatic activity compared with untreated patient cells. Together, our data provide the rationale and starting point for the screening of small molecule chaperones, which could become novel therapies for this disease.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
1,4-ALPHA-GLUCAN-BRANCHING ENZYME
A, B, C
702Homo sapiensMutation(s): 2 
EC: 2.4.1.18
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q04446 (Homo sapiens)
Explore Q04446 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q04446
PHAROS:  Q04446
GTEx:  ENSG00000114480 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ04446
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.75 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.225 
  • R-Value Work: 0.184 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.186 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 117.278α = 90
b = 164.538β = 90
c = 311.34γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
XDSdata reduction
SCALAdata scaling
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2013-09-25
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2015-08-05
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2015-10-07
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2018-01-24
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.4: 2023-12-20
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Other, Refinement description