8H3L

Crystal Structure of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) Double Mutant (T21I and E166V) in Complex with Inhibitor Enstrelvir


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.231 
  • R-Value Work: 0.206 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.207 

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Literature

Molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 resistance to nirmatrelvir.

Duan, Y.Zhou, H.Liu, X.Iketani, S.Lin, M.Zhang, X.Bian, Q.Wang, H.Sun, H.Hong, S.J.Culbertson, B.Mohri, H.Luck, M.I.Zhu, Y.Liu, X.Lu, Y.Yang, X.Yang, K.Sabo, Y.Chavez, A.Goff, S.P.Rao, Z.Ho, D.D.Yang, H.

(2023) Nature 622: 376-382

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06609-0
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    8H3G, 8H3K, 8H3L, 8H4Y, 8H51, 8H57, 8H5F, 8H5P, 8H6I, 8H6N, 8H7K, 8H7W, 8H82, 8HBK

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Nirmatrelvir is a specific antiviral drug that targets the main protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2 and has been approved to treat COVID-19 1,2 . As an RNA virus characterized by high mutation rates, whether SARS-CoV-2 will develop resistance to nirmatrelvir is a question of concern. Our previous studies have shown that several mutational pathways confer resistance to nirmatrelvir, but some result in a loss of viral replicative fitness, which is then compensated for by additional alterations 3 . The molecular mechanisms for this observed resistance are unknown. Here we combined biochemical and structural methods to demonstrate that alterations at the substrate-binding pocket of M pro can allow SARS-CoV-2 to develop resistance to nirmatrelvir in two distinct ways. Comprehensive studies of the structures of 14 M pro mutants in complex with drugs or substrate revealed that alterations at the S1 and S4 subsites substantially decreased the level of inhibitor binding, whereas alterations at the S2 and S4' subsites unexpectedly increased protease activity. Both mechanisms contributed to nirmatrelvir resistance, with the latter compensating for the loss in enzymatic activity of the former, which in turn accounted for the restoration of viral replicative fitness, as observed previously 3 . Such a profile was also observed for ensitrelvir, another clinically relevant M pro inhibitor. These results shed light on the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 evolves to develop resistance to the current generation of protease inhibitors and provide the basis for the design of next-generation M pro inhibitors.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
3C-like proteinase nsp5
A, B, C, D
306Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Mutation(s): 2 
EC: 3.4.22.69
UniProt
Find proteins for P0DTD1 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
Explore P0DTD1 
Go to UniProtKB:  P0DTD1
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP0DTD1
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.30 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.231 
  • R-Value Work: 0.206 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.207 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 45.37α = 90
b = 107.525β = 100.26
c = 118.281γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXphasing
PHENIXrefinement
XDSdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)China92169109

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2023-10-11
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2023-10-25
    Changes: Database references